Jun 21, 2017 vitamin k deficiency is rare in adults because many of the foods we eat contain adequate amounts of k1, and because the body makes k2 on its own. Commonly, a baby with vkdb will bleed into his or her. Rather, it tends to be caused by irregularities in dietary fat absorption or metabolism. Espanol spanish vitamin k is a substance that our body needs to form clots and to stop bleeding. Given the serious implications of lateonset vitamin k deficiency bleeding, our objective was to examine factors influencing parentsn decisions to refuse im vitamin. The main symptom of vitamin k deficiency is excessive bleeding. Vitamin k, a fat soluble vitamin, is a necessary cofactor for the activation of coagulation factors ii, vii, ix, x, and protein c. Learn more about this potentially lifethreatening condition. Vitamin k content of foods high vitamin k foods more than 100 mcg food serving mcg food serving mcg broccoli 12 cup 110 greens, turnip, frozen 12 cup 425 brussels sprouts 12 cup 150 kale, fresh or frozen 12 cup 550 endive, raw 1 cup 116 kale, raw 12 cup 274. We carried out a crosssectional study in 63 children with crohns disease cd and 48 with ulcerative colitis uc to assess the prevalence of vitamin k deficiency and to search for potential correlation between vitamin k status and pediatric ibd activity.
Vitamin k deficiency bleeding vkdb newborn infants are at risk of vitamin k deficiency. Vitamin k deficiency bleeding or vkdb, occurs when babies cannot stop bleeding because their blood does not. Diagnosis is suspected based on routine coagulation study findings and confirmed by response to vitamin k. Infants can easily develop vitamin k deficiency owing to poor.
Vitamin k food and nutrition information center nal usda. Hip fractures greatly reduced by sunshine, vitamin d, and vitamin k metaanalysis sept 2012. May 11, 2016 hemorrhagic disease of the newborn is a rare bleeding problem that can occur after birth. A rare, inherited bleeding disorder vitamin k dependent clotting factors deficiency or vkcfd. We carried out a crosssectional study in 63 children with crohns disease cd and 48 with ulcerative colitis. Keep in mind that bleeding may happen in areas other than at a cut or wound site. In newborn puppies, a transient form of vitamin k deficiency may occur secondary to malnutrition of the bitch during gestation, or the marginal inadequacy of fetal hepatic protein synthesis. Diagnosis of vitamin b 12 deficiency the diagnosis of vitamin b 12 deficiency has traditionally been based on low serum vita.
Vitamin k prophylaxis for prevention of vitamin k deficiency. Learn important information about vitamin k deficiency bleeding. A single injection of vitamin k for newborns is standard. Small amounts can also be found in meat and dairy foods. Rise in late onset vitamin k deficiency bleeding in young infants because of omission or refusal of prophylaxis at birth. In neonatal period, vitamin k deficiency may lead to vitamin k deficiency bleeding vkdb. Vitamin a deficiency imost deficiencies occur in late winter. Vitamin k plays a key role in helping the blood clot, preventing excessive bleeding.
When the bleeding occurs inside the body, it can be difficult to notice. Reasons for refusal of newborn vitamin k prophylaxis. Use of methylmalonic acid and homocysteine levels in the diagnosis of vitamin b 12. This is because of a lack of vitamin k reaching the fetus across the placenta, the low level of vitamin k in breast milk and low colonic bacterial synthesis. Vitamin k is an important nutrient that plays a vital role in blood clotting and bone and heart health.
Treatment consists of vitamin k given orally or, when fat malabsorption is the cause or when risk of bleeding is high, parenterally. Nov 16, 2019 vitamin e deficiency is extremely rare in humans as it is unlikely caused by a diet consisting of low vitamin e. Nov 27, 2016 preventiontreatment vitamin k can be given orally in the case of someone who improperly absorbs fat or is at high risk of bleeding, vitamin k can be injected under the skin if a drug is causing vitamin k deficiency, the dose is altered or extra vitamin k is given in people who suffer from both severe liver disorders and vitamin k deficiency. Vk, an essential, lipidsoluble vitamin that plays a vital role in the production of coagulation proteins, is found in green, leafy vegetables and in oils, such as soybean, cottonseed, canola, and olive oils. We report a case of late vitamin k deficiency bleeding vkdb in a twomonthold girl who had not received prophylaxis at birth. Vitamin k deficiency can contribute to significant bleeding, poor bone development, osteoporosis, and increased cardiovascular disease. While vitamin k deficiency is rare, less than optimal intake may impair your health over time. While vitamin k deficiencies are uncommon, you may be at. Vitamin k is needed for blood clotting, which means it helps wounds heal properly. Vitamin k deficiency bleeding vkdb, formerly known as hemorrhagic disease of the newborn hdn, is a bleeding disorder in neonates that is caused by inadequate serum levels of vitamin k. Vitamin k deficiency in adults is rare but does occur in infants. Its a rare disease but still occurs, especially among african american infants and children. Vitamin k is essential for the synthesis of few coagulation factors.
Vitamin k is also used to counteract an overdose of the blood thinner coumadin. Learn about vitamin k and vitamin k deficiency bleeding cdc. The bleeding can occur anywhere on the inside or outside of the body. It is common in poorer countries, especially among children and women of reproductive age, but rarely is seen in more developed countries. Prevalence and correlates of vitamin k deficiency in children. The main symptom of a vitamin k deficiency is excessive bleeding caused by an inability to form blood clots. Feb 15, 2019 deficiency can occur in persons of any age but neonates are at risk of developing vitamin k deficiency bleeding see the separate vitamin k deficiency bleeding article. Discover medical cases from every specialty their views and advice download now. Saving lives, protecting people centers for disease control and prevention.
Vitamin k deficiency nutritional disorders msd manual. In the past, one out of every 100 babies had some bleeding, and one out of every 1,000 babies had serious bleedingoften brain bleedingin the first days after birth. Vitamin a deficiency vad or hypovitaminosis a is a lack of vitamin a in blood and tissues. This article lists 20 foods that are exceptionally high in vitamin k. We report a case of late vitamin k deficiency bleeding vkdb in a two monthold girl who had not received prophylaxis at birth.
Dec 19, 2019 vitamin k deficiency bleeding or vkdb, occurs when babies cannot stop bleeding because their blood does not have enough vitamin k to form a clot. Deficiency is defined as a serum 25hydroxyvitamin d level of less than 20 ng per ml 50 nmol per l, and insufficiency is. Deficiencies of vitamins a, d, k, e and thiamin can cause severe limitations in beef production. Theres also some evidence vitamin k may help keep bones healthy. Vitamin a deficiency imost deficiencies occur in late winter when no green grass is available feeding corn stalks. The prevalence of vitamin k deficiency varies by geographic region. Vitamin k 2 occurs in animal proteins and fermented foods. Vitamin d fact sheet for consumers office of dietary. Sep 16, 2018 vitamin k phytomenadione characteristics synonyms vitamin k1 phytomenadione, phytonadione, or phylloquinone vitamin k2 menaquinone active form. The vkdb is a disorder of hemostasis in which coagulation parameters are quickly corrected by vitamin k supplementation. Vitamin k deficiency leads to the synthesis of undercarboxylated.
Key words vitamin k, fractures, nonaccidental injury, shaken baby syndrome, child abuse, vitamin k deficiency disease introduction some unexplained fractures in in. Dec 23, 2017 vitamin k deficiency in adults is rare but does occur in infants. Late vitamin k deficiency bleeding in infants whose parents declined vitamin k prophylaxis tennessee, 20. Mar 14, 2018 vitamin k, a fat soluble vitamin, is a necessary cofactor for the activation of coagulation factors ii, vii, ix, x, and protein c and s. Vitamin k deficiency may lead to vitamin k deficiency bleeding vkdb. Thus, bleeding and hemorrhage are the classic signs of vitamin k deficiency, although these effects occur only in severe cases. Download and print this fact sheet pdf iconpdf 247 kb.
Protein c, s anticoagulants protein z bone matrix proteins the deficiency syndrome is traditionally known as haemorrhagic disease of the newborn or more recently, to give a better definition of the cause, vitamin k deficiency bleeding vkdb classification of vitamin k deficiency bleeding of the newborn syndrome time of presentation common. Vitamin e may have a role in reducing atherosclerosis and lowering rates of ischemic heart disease. Vitamin solubility disease caused by deficiency vitamin a fat night blindness. Vitamin k deficiency bleeding revisited hong kong journal of. Pdf vitamin k deficiency bleeding a case study researchgate. There is lowquality evidence from observational studies that routine im administration of 1 mg of vitamin k at birth reduces the incidence of late vkdb during. Vitamin d vitamin k brittle bones hardened arteries lef sept 2010. Vitamin k deficiency bleeding or vkdb, occurs when babies cannot stop bleeding because their blood does not have enough vitamin k to form a clot. Sadly, few people have even heard about this vitamin. Vitamin k deficiency is only considered clinically relevant when prothrombin time increases significantly due to a decrease in the prothrombin activity of blood 3,7. Some vitamin k is also made by the good bacteria that live in our intestines.
Synergism between vitamin d, vitamin k2, and vitamin a. Pdf vitamin k deficiency bleeding vkdb, formerly known as hemorrhagic disease of the newborn hdn, is a bleeding disorder in neonates. Vitamin k deficiency bleeding journal of pediatric health care. For infants in the united states, vitamin k 1 deficiency without bleeding may occur in as many as 50% of infants younger than 5 days old, with the classic hemorrhagic disease occurring in 0. Prevalence and correlates of vitamin k deficiency in. Apr 29, 2019 vitamin k 1 is the primary form, and it mainly comes from leafy green vegetables. Vitamin k, a fat soluble vitamin, is a necessary cofactor for the activation of coagulation factors ii, vii, ix, x, and protein c and s. Unlike many other vitamins, vitamin k is not typically used as a dietary supplement vitamin k is actually a. The prevalence of deficiency is much higher in african and asian countriesfor example, 70% in kenyan schoolchildren, 80% in indian preschool ch ildren, and 70% in vitamin b 12 deficiency alesia hunt, dominic harrington, susan robinson haematology, guys and st thomas. In the past, the term hemorrhagic disease of the newborn was used to describe bleeding disorders in neonates associated with a traumatic birth. Babies are born with very small amounts of vitamin k stored in their bodies, which.
Sep 27, 2017 vitamin k vk deficiency can occur in any age group but is encountered most often in infancy. Vitamin k fact sheet by lisa stellwagen, md, medical director of newborn services, uc san diego health system did you know. In particular, vitamin a and e can be common causes of lost profit, secondary to limitations of. In this article, i share the nine signs of vitamin k2 deficiency and what you can do now to reverse a vitamin k2 deficiency. What you need to know about vitamin k deficiency by. We present the case of a 2 months and 20 days caucasian male, presented for bleeding from the injections sites of vaccines. Read about the function, sources, and intake recommendations for vitamin k. Deficiency is particularly common among breastfed infants. Taking vitamin k by mouth or as an injection into the vein can help prevent bleeding in people with. In adults, vitamin d deficiency leads to osteomalacia, causing bone pain and muscle weakness. Dec 19, 2019 free materials about vitamin k deficiency bleeding. Vitamin k deficiency bleeding vkdb due to physiologically low vitamin k plasma concentrations is a serious risk for newborn and young infants and can be largely prevented by adequate vitamin k. Vitamin k plays a vital role in blood clotting, as well as bone and heart health.
80 742 1499 1546 238 1528 988 986 733 447 1433 1004 263 707 1506 638 861 184 611 688 875 50 384 668 1483 1434 1415 1127 396 581 1352 874 1558 74 1248 388 474 458 968 1322 1002 1106 443 179 1056 9